The fight against fraud is highly demanding because research needs to adapt constantly to solve new specific problems, created by the endless fantasy of fraudsters to deceive consumers kiara sky pixie dust with the aim of increasing their economic profit.Customs laboratories need to have access to versatile technologies able to address different analytical questions, that allow fast analysis, if possible on-site, and that does not require highly qualified staff.Energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy hardly requires any sample treatment, does not require the use of environmentally unfriendly reagents, can be applied to the multi-elemental characterisation of many different matrices using the same calibration curves, and can be used by not specialised staff on-site, necco squirrel nut zippers using hand-held devices.In this work, the potential of the technique to authenticate products based on their geographical origin, botanical variety, manufacturing processes, and some intrinsic characteristics such as those left by organic and conventional agriculture, is demonstrated.